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A Review of ES6 - Modules, Classes
Modules
Value Export/Import
Support for exporting/importing values from/to modules without global namespace pollution.
// lib/math.js
export function sum (x, y) { return x + y }
export var pi = 3.141593
// someApp.js
import * as math from "lib/math"
console.log("2π = " + math.sum(math.pi, math.pi))
// otherApp.js
import { sum, pi } from "lib/math"
console.log("2π = " + sum(pi, pi))
Default & Wildcard
Marking a value as the default exported value and mass-mixin of values.
// lib/mathplusplus.js
export * from "lib/math"
export var e = 2.71828182846
export default (x) => Math.exp(x)
// someApp.js
import exp, { pi, e } from "lib/mathplusplus"
console.log("e^{π} = " + exp(pi))
Classes
Class Definition
More intuitive, OOP-style and boilerplate-free classes.
class Shape {
constructor (id, x, y) {
this.id = id
this.move(x, y)
}
move (x, y) {
this.x = x
this.y = y
}
}
Class Inheritance
More intuitive, OOP-style and boilerplate-free inheritance.
class Rectangle extends Shape {
constructor (id, x, y, width, height) {
super(id, x, y)
this.width = width
this.height = height
}
}
class Circle extends Shape {
constructor (id, x, y, radius) {
super(id, x, y)
this.radius = radius
}
}
Class Inheritance, From Expressions
Support for mixin-style inheritance by extending from expressions yielding function objects.
var aggregation = (baseClass, ...mixins) => {
let base = class _Combined extends baseClass {
constructor (...args) {
super(...args)
mixins.forEach((mixin) => {
mixin.prototype.initializer.call(this)
})
}
}
let copyProps = (target, source) => {
Object.getOwnPropertyNames(source)
.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source))
.forEach((prop) => {
if (prop.match(/^(?:constructor|prototype|arguments|caller|name|bind|call|apply|toString|length)$/))
return
Object.defineProperty(target, prop, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, prop))
})
}
mixins.forEach((mixin) => {
copyProps(base.prototype, mixin.prototype)
copyProps(base, mixin)
})
return base
}
class Colored {
initializer () { this._color = "white" }
get color () { return this._color }
set color (v) { this._color = v }
}
class ZCoord {
initializer () { this._z = 0 }
get z () { return this._z }
set z (v) { this._z = v }
}
class Shape {
constructor (x, y) { this._x = x; this._y = y }
get x () { return this._x }
set x (v) { this._x = v }
get y () { return this._y }
set y (v) { this._y = v }
}
class Rectangle extends aggregation(Shape, Colored, ZCoord) {}
var rect = new Rectangle(7, 42)
rect.z = 1000
rect.color = "red"
console.log(rect.x, rect.y, rect.z, rect.color)
Base Class Access
Intuitive access to base class constructor and methods
class Shape {
…
toString () {
return `Shape(${this.id})`
}
}
class Rectangle extends Shape {
constructor (id, x, y, width, height) {
super(id, x, y)
…
}
toString () {
return "Rectangle > " + super.toString()
}
}
class Circle extends Shape {
constructor (id, x, y, radius) {
super(id, x, y)
…
}
toString () {
return "Circle > " + super.toString()
}
}
Static Members
Simple support for static class members.
class Rectangle extends Shape {
…
static defaultRectangle () {
return new Rectangle("default", 0, 0, 100, 100)
}
}
class Circle extends Shape {
…
static defaultCircle () {
return new Circle("default", 0, 0, 100)
}
}
var defRectangle = Rectangle.defaultRectangle()
var defCircle = Circle.defaultCircle()
Getter/Setter
Getter/Setter also directly within classes.
class Rectangle {
constructor (width, height) {
this._width = width
this._height = height
}
set width (width) { this._width = width }
get width () { return this._width }
set height (height) { this._height = height }
get height () { return this._height }
get area () { return this._width * this._height }
}
var r = new Rectangle(50, 20)
r.area === 1000
References: